“[I]Innovation production index shows that China is making the greatest progress in innovation compared to the U.S. …As of 2020, Chinese entities will produce nearly five times more innovation than their U.S. counterparts.” has received a number of international patent families.”[I}イノベーション生産指標は、米国に比べて中国のイノベーションが最大の進歩を遂げていることを示しています…2020年時点で、中国の事業体は、米国の事業体の5倍近くの数の国際特許ファミリーを受け取っていました。」[I}nnovationoutputindicatorsshowthegreatestamountofprogressforChineseinnovationrelativetotheUnitedStates…Asof2020ChineseentitieswerereceivingnearlyfivetimesthenumberofinternationalpatentfamiliesasUSentities”
On January 23, the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) America Wake Up: China Overtakes US in Innovation OutcomesIt applies innovation and industry performance indicators to compare relative innovation performance from foreign technological rivals China and the United States. The report, produced by ITIF’s Hamilton Center for Industrial Strategy, is the latest indicator that China is about to overtake the United States in terms of innovation output per capita, and is a call to action for U.S. policymakers. , calls for developing national economic and technology policies to restore U.S. supremacy. innovation.
China has long been well-regarded as a major source of piracy and intellectual property infringement. By increasing the number of patent applications, China has made great strides in encouraging patent filing activities. According to the annual patent reports of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the European Patent Office (EPO), the number of global patent applications filed by Chinese companies has surged. Although the quality of these patent applications has been questioned, China has made technological advances an important part of national strategies such as the Made in China 2025 initiative.
Increased investment in China’s innovation, including R&D spending and college graduates
According to a recent ITIF report, China’s efforts to promote domestic innovation will not only result in China surpassing the United States in total innovation output, but will also help China gain parity with the United States in innovation output population. It is also useful for The ITIF found that between 2010 and 2020, China’s innovation and advanced industry capabilities, including R&D spending and patent achievements, increased from 78% of absolute U.S. production to 139% of U.S. absolute production. I am reporting. Given China’s economic size and population growth, China’s innovation capacity has grown from 58% of US capacity in 2010 to 75% of US capacity in 2020, ITIF reports. .
In recent years, China has made significant progress in each of the innovation indicators measured by the ITIF survey, including innovation input, innovation output, and innovation outcomes. Among its inputs to innovation, ITIF notes that China has significantly increased the number of domestic companies making the world’s largest investments in research and development. In 2010, only 19 Chinese companies were listed EU Industrial R&D Investment Scorecard However, that number has risen to 278 Chinese companies ranked in the scorecard’s top 1,400 list in 2020. In contrast, the number of US companies ranked in the top 1,400 has dropped from 487 in 2010 to 449 in 2020. 2020.
China still lags behind the United States in graduates per capita, but China has more college graduates than the United States, another indicator of innovation input tracked in the ITIF report. In 2018, Chinese universities awarded almost twice as many undergraduate degrees as U.S. universities, and the number of undergraduate degrees in science and engineering more than doubled his (1.81 million Chinese degrees and 810,000 US degrees). And while Chinese venture capital investment fell sharply in 2018-2019, Chinese VC investment reached nearly 90% of similar investments in the US in 2016. The ITIF reports that China is still the world’s second largest VC market as of 2020.
Chinese Scientific Articles, International Patent Families Overtake US Counterparts
According to the ITIF, innovation output indicators show that China has made the greatest progress in innovation compared to the United States. Although cited at a lower rate than US publications, Chinese scientific and engineering papers will reach a total of 742,000 publications in 2020, which is more than the number of scientific and engineering papers published by US sources that year. It was 123.7% of the total number. Adjusting for population shows that the United States has a much better base in scientific publications, while China, on a per capita basis in 2019 and 2020, has It shows that more than 80% of the volume of chemistry papers has been reached. , according to his ITIF-cited information from the National Science Foundation (NSF), a Chinese article he was 68% more likely to cite than a US article on the same subject in 2018.
The ITIF report also examines international patent families held by Chinese companies to exclude the total number of patent applications containing domestic-only applications, including many patent applications funded by the Chinese government. The ITIF acknowledges that the methodology does not eliminate all Chinese-originated patents that may raise quality concerns, but the report states that by 2010, Chinese entities will outnumber U.S. entities. also cites additional NSF data showing that it has already received 9.4% more international patent families.As of 2020, Chinese entities received nearly five times as many international patent families as U.S. entities. is receiving Cross-border IP license receipts accessed through the World Bank show that China’s license revenue for these international patent families lags behind the United States, but China’s license value is higher than that of the US license. A significant step up from 2016 when it was around 2% of its value. In 2020, Chinese licenses were approaching 12% of the value of US licenses.
Low efficiency gains cannot hide the fact that China is as innovative as the United States
China’s advanced R&D industry has reached almost the same level of specialization as its US counterpart, according to an ITIF report evaluating China’s innovation performance. Examining the value added to China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by advanced industries, the ITIF found that only the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Professional, Scientific and Technological Activities sectors were more specialized compared to their US counterparts. I discovered that But China has also extended its already surpassing lead over the United States in manufacturing computers, electronics and optics, as well as in electrical equipment manufacturing.
In supercomputing, China has gained a significant edge over the United States, owning 214 of the world’s top 500 high-performance computing systems as of 2020, compared with the United States’ 113 that year. nearly double that of a supercomputer. Industrial robots have also seen a dramatic increase in China over the past decade. In 2020, Chinese companies will use industrial robots per employee in manufacturing at about the same rate as US companies, and China will use industrial robots per employee about 10 times less than US companies. This is a significant improvement from 2010 when it was 1 in 2010.
Despite progress in many innovation indicators, the ITIF reports that China still needs to address several issues if it is to continue to grow as the world’s leading innovation economy. With less than half of China’s population under her 40s and a population growth rate of 0.1% as of 2021, the available labor pool in China will accommodate an increasingly aging population. expected to be needed. Although China’s labor productivity has been underpinned by a high rate of capital stock investment per unit of labor, the ITIF report finds that China has improved its economy’s efficiency to incredibly low levels over the past decade. It cites several sources that indicate that But the ITIF concludes that China’s innovation upgrade over the past decade should upend the comfortable narrative within the United States that major foreign economic rivals cannot achieve innovation parity under the current form of government. attached.
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