How will this next revolution come about? Researchers at the University of Washington have developed a method of transmitting data over Wi-Fi that consumes very little energy. This is thanks to a system called “passive Wi-Fi”. Uses 10,000 times less power than current wireless systems consume.
This advancement exploits a phenomenon known as Data is transmitted by “backscattering”, the reflected radio waves “bouncing back” With less energy consumption than doing from scratch.
Passive Wi-Fi architecture assigns frequency signal generation to a single fixed device that is plugged into the wall. A series of passive sensors use reflection to copy packets of information received and bounce them back For routers, smartphones, tablets and other electronic hardware in your environment.

10 to 15 year battery life
without the active signal generation of conventional routers, Passive Wi-Fi requires very little powerin the range of tens of microwatts, a device’s battery can last 10 to 15 years at such a fraction of the power consumption rate.
A researcher’s main goal is to Realize modular signals that let waves transmit information. Once this was done, the system was proven to work with standard Wi-Fi (802.11b) which is very common. This works with very low bandwidth, but enough to establish communication between machines.
they have Managed passive Wi-Fi sensors to communicate with each other in real conditions through routers 9 and 30 meters apart, regardless of whether the wall is in the way. They transmit at a transmission speed of 11Mbps, which is slower than most traditional Wi-Fi, but greatly improves transmission capacity via Bluetooth Low Energy.
Simply put, passive Wi-Fi is Major advances in harmony between Wi-Fi technology and the Internet of Thingsdirectly affect smart home applications.
sauce: University of Washington.